What are the side effects
of Chemotherapy?

The most common side effects associated with chemo stem from the fact that chemotherapy drugs are not able to differentiate between cancer cells and otherwise healthy cells. They target all rapidly dividing cells meaning that in addition to the cancer cells, they may damage some normal cells including hair follicles, the lining of the gastrointestinal tract and blood cells. Not all chemotherapies cause all side effects, and some chemotherapies may have side effects that are unique to that particular drug. It is important to consult with the physician to learn more about any side effects associated with a particular chemo combination.

Fatigue:

Patients may experience mild to moderate fatigue while undergoing chemotherapy. Getting plenty of rest and eating a well-balanced diet are important for maintaining strength.

Hair loss:

While not all chemotherapy leads to hair loss, some drugs will damage the hair follicles causing this side effect. The hair loss usually takes place approximately two weeks after the initiation of chemotherapy and may be accompanied by scalp tenderness. To prepare for this side effect, it may be helpful to get wigs, hats and/or scarves prior to beginning treatment. In the majority of cases, hair will re-grow following the completion of treatment and may return with a different texture or color than before.

Nausea/vomiting/gastrointestinal upset:

While chemotherapy drugs can potentially cause some nausea and vomiting, today these side effects can generally be managed with medication. Diet does not contribute to these side effects; therefore, it is not necessary to go on a bland diet when starting chemotherapy. In fact, many patients prefer strongly flavored food while they are in treatment.

Blood related side effects/myelosuppression:

Chemotherapies can frequently reduce the number of blood cells in the patient’s body. This can add to fatigue and can also make patients more susceptible to bleeding and infection. Blood draws will be scheduled regularly to closely monitor blood counts. Today, there are several drugs which have been developed to help compensate for the loss in blood cells. It is important for patients who are undergoing chemotherapy to avoid people who are sick and might be contagious.

Mouth or throat sores/mucositis:

Sometimes chemotherapy can cause damage to the mucosal membranes that line the upper digestive tract. This can cause sores in the mouth and throat. Using a soft toothbrush and avoiding mouthwash containing alcohol will help to avoid further irritation of the tissues. As well, there are treatments available to help manage this side effect.

Do patients undergoing chemotherapy need to quit work?

No. It is important while patients are undergoing chemotherapy for them to behave as normally as possible. Patients may experience mild to moderate fatigue, but many are able to work throughout their treatments. We will work to accommodate patients’ work schedules when setting up appointments.